As the coil rotates, the magnetic flux linkage passing through the coil changes.A coil of wire is driven to rotate by an external force.The operation of a basic alternating current (ac) generator is demonstrated in the following diagram.Lenz’s law states that the induced emf acts in the direction such that the current induced opposes the change which caused it.Faraday’s law allows us to determine the induced emf by the change of magnetic flux over time.Faraday’s law states that the magnitude of the induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of the flux linkage by.For a coil with N turns, the total flux linkage is given by.The magnetic flux linkage of a coil measures the component of the magnetic field passing through the coil.Where B is the magnetic field passing through the surface, A is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the surface. The magnetic flux (φ) through a surface is given by.The magnetic flux through a surface measures the component of the magnetic field passing through the surface and is proportional to the number of magnetic field lines which intersect the surface.Magnetic flux and magnetic flux linkage.When the movement of the wire is perpendicular to the magnetic field, the emf (ε) induced is given by ε = Bvl where B is the magnetic field, v is the velocity of the wire, and l is the length of the wire.This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction. When a conducting wire moves through a magnetic field, a potential difference is created along the wire.
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